sculan

irreg v/i 3^rd pres sceall, scal/sculon past sceolde, scolde, scealde, scalde ptp gesculen 1. to owe; hé him sceolde 10,000 peninga he owed him 10,000 pennies; 2. denoting obligation or constraint of various kinds, shall, must, ought, (I) have or am (with infinitive), to be bound to, with an infinitive expressed or that may be inferred from the preceding clause; (1) denoting duty, moral obligation; (2) shall, ought as being fit, right, proper, in accordance with reason; hú híe libban scoldon how they should live; (3) denoting obligation to perform an engagement, to do appointed work, to carry out the terms of an agreement; sume sculon hweorfan hǽðena land it will be the task of some to convert heathen lands; (4) denoting bidding, commanding; hwæt sceal ic singan?; (5) where the obligation results from a law, statute, regulation; (6) denoting the necessity of fate, of the order of providence, shall, must as being decreed by fate or providence; sceal hine wulf etan his fate will be to be eaten by a wolf; (7) to be forced, must because there is no possible alternative, because one cannot help one's self; nú sceal ic on wéstenne witodes bídan now I am forced to wait on desert certainly; (8) to be obliged, must, shall because from the conditions or nature of a case no alternative is admissible, because a conclusion is inevitable; ne sculon mé þegnas ætwítan men shall not reproach me (because there will not be the slightest grounds for reproach); (9) denoting need, shall, must, where an end is to be attained or a task to be completed or a purpose to be served; hwæt sceal ic má secgan fram Sancte Iohanne what more need I say of St. John; (10) denoting the certainty of a future event, that results from a settled purpose or decision; mid éarum ne sceal ic gehíeran it is determined that I shall not hear; (10a) denoting the certainty of a result under proper conditions; gif wé ǽnige bóte gebídan sculon if improvement in our condition is certainly to take place; (11) denoting probability; Wénstu þæt ic sceole sprecan tó þissum tréowléasan men do you think it is likely that I shall speak to this false man; (12) as an auxiliary; sé þe wile oþþe sceal sprecan he who wants to or will speak in the future; (13) denoting an assertion not made by the speaker, when a statement is matter of report; is sægd, þæt Diana þás wyrta findan scolde it is said that Diana is supposed to be finding these roots; þéah hé Cristen béon sceolde though he was said to be a Christian; 3. without an infinitive, (1) denoting constraint, necessity, need, fixed purpose; ic æfter him sceolde I must after him; earc sceal þý máre the ark must be bigger; (2) denoting obligation, fitness, propriety, use; to be proper, to be fit; þá wyrte þe þǽrwiþ sculon the herbs that are proper for the disease;